C/M Traction Control - Regen Gains 26

 

C/M Traction Control - Regen Gains 26

C/M TRACTION CONTROL & BRAKING

Our Regenerative braking design utilizes advancing Energy gains like our perpetual Energy Generators for Motion & Idle Energy Generation

Flat. Uphill. Downhill Energy Generation

We are doing often more than 75-100% or gains in Regenerative braking going above the industry average 10-30% regains on used or spent Energy while we already do above 100% in Generation above used or spent Energy creating excess available to store & use

Our Traction Control
Our ABS Anti-Locj Braking

Differential Choices

REGULAR MANDATORY. STANDARD ISSUE

Regar Energy Gemeration. Storage.
Emergency Safety System

Optional


REGENERATIVE

Regenerative braking is an energy recovery mechanism used in electric and hybrid vehicles that slows the car by converting its kinetic energy into electrical energy, rather than wasting it as heat via friction brakes. The electric motor acts as a generator, recharging the battery and increasing vehicle range. 

https://youtu.be/x7nrp_YzJVE?si=rbO09JVpHLIJrAPv

Key Aspects of Regenerative Braking

• How it Works: When the accelerator is released or the brake pedal is pressed, the electric motor reverses its function, converting the car's forward motion into electricity.

• Energy Recovery: This system can recover up to 70% of the energy that would otherwise be lost during braking, enhancing efficiency.

• One-Pedal Driving: Many electric vehicles (like Teslas) allow for "one-pedal driving," where lifting off the accelerator provides strong braking, often allowing the car to come to a complete stop without using the traditional brake pedal.

• Reduced Maintenance: Because the motor handles most of the deceleration, traditional friction brakes (pads and rotors) experience significantly less wear.

• Driving Conditions: The system is most effective in stop-and-go city driving. It may be less effective when the battery is already fully charged or cold.

• Safety Coordination: Regenerative braking is typically integrated with conventional, hydraulic friction brakes (and ABS) to ensure stopping power, particularly for rapid deceleration or emergencies. 

https://youtu.be/5UnNXYjQlzY?si=hY4vIs5LZc-uiLZj

Regenerative braking effectively extends the range of EVs and hybrids by converting momentum into extra miles. 

Regenerative braking systems (RBS) in modern electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrids typically recover 10% to 30% of the total energy consumed during urban driving, depending on driving habits and traffic conditions. While theoretical efficiencies of the electrical conversion process can be high, actual energy yields in daily driving generally improve overall vehicle efficiency by 10%–25%, significantly increasing driving range in stop-and-go scenarios. 

Key Energy Yield Metrics

• Overall Range Increase: 10%–30%.

• Deceleration Efficiency: Modern systems can convert 60%–70% of the kinetic energy from a single braking event back into electricity.

• Urban vs. Highway: Energy recovery is highest in urban environments with frequent stops (up to 30% improvement) and lower on highways, where speed is constant.

• Specific Examples: A Tesla Model S in a hilly environment showed 32% recovery in some reports, with average figures between 15%-20%. 

Factors Influencing Energy Yields
The amount of energy recaptured is not fixed and depends on several factors: 

• Driving Style: Smooth, early braking maximizes regeneration, whereas hard braking relies on friction brakes, wasting energy as heat.

• Battery State of Charge (SOC): If the battery is full (90-100%), it cannot accept more charge, reducing or eliminating the ability to regenerate.

• Vehicle Mass: Heavier vehicles have more kinetic energy, providing more potential for regeneration, though they also require more energy to accelerate.

• Speed: Regeneration is less effective at very low speeds (e.g., below 9 mph).

• Terrain: Downhill sections allow for significant energy recovery, whereas uphill driving uses more energy and reduces overall efficiency. 

Comparison to Conventional Systems

• Conventional Brakes: 100% of the kinetic energy is dissipated as heat in friction pads and lost.

• Regenerative Brakes: 60%-70% of the kinetic energy is captured in braking events.

• Hybrid Savings: Regenerative braking is estimated to improve fuel efficiency by 10-25%.

• Train Regeneration: Commuter trains can recapture up to 23% of energy used. 

Limitations

While efficient, regenerative braking cannot fully recharge a vehicle's battery during driving, nor can it completely eliminate the need for friction brakes (especially in emergencies). 

TRACTION CONTROL

Traction control is an active safety system that prevents wheels from spinning excessively during acceleration on slippery or loose surfaces, ensuring the tires maintain grip and the vehicle stays on its intended path. It operates by detecting speed differences between wheels, subsequently reducing engine power or applying brakes to specific wheels to regain traction. 

How It Works

• Sensor Detection: The system uses wheel speed sensors (often the same ones used for ABS) to monitor if one wheel is spinning faster than the others, indicating a loss of grip.

• Active Response: Once slippage is detected, the system immediately cuts engine power, reduces throttle response, or applies individual brake pressure to the spinning wheel.

• Safety Function: It operates automatically to prevent oversteering, understeering, or skidding. 

https://youtube.com/shorts/_9V1XqaHPqU?si=8HyDB8QitRqtgB-M

When to Use It

• Always On: Traction control should generally remain on for daily driving, especially in rain, snow, or on icy roads to maintain safety.

• When to Turn Off: It can be beneficial to turn off the system when stuck in deep snow, mud, or sand, as the system's power reduction may prevent the wheels from spinning enough to gain momentum. 

https://youtu.be/DfvoJLVqr38?si=ythLVKOYcyG2SgT7

Key Components

• ABS System Integration: Traction control often utilizes the Anti-lock Braking System to apply brake force.

• Dashboard Indicator: A dashboard light (often a car with squiggly lines) will flash when the system is active and turn solid if deactivated.

• Traction Control Button: A button is provided in most vehicles to deactivate the system for specific scenarios, such as off-roading or clearing deep snow. 

It is important to note that while it helps control acceleration on slippery surfaces, it does not increase the physical grip of the tires, says the Hyundai Driving Experience. 


ABS SYSTEMS

Anti-lock Braking Systems (ABS) are safety features that prevent wheels from locking up during hard braking, preventing skids and allowing drivers to maintain steering control. By automatically pulsing the brakes up to 20 times per second, ABS reduces stopping distances on slippery surfaces and improves overall vehicle safety
https://youtu.be/hwwXukJaTlM?si=QP5dFUeF9DYKRZd0

Key Aspects of ABS:

• Components: Uses wheel speed sensors, hydraulic valves, a pump, and a controller to monitor and adjust braking force.

• How to Use: In an emergency, apply firm, steady pressure to the brake pedal and continue to steer. Do not pump the brakes.

• Sensation: A vibrating, pulsating pedal or grinding noise is normal when ABS engages.

• Benefits: Prevents wheel lock-up, reduces skidding, allows steering during emergency braking, and often reduces stopping distances on slick roads.

• Limitations: ABS may not reduce braking distance on loose surfaces like gravel or deep snow. 

ABS has been a standard feature on most vehicles since the late 1990s, enhancing control and safety in, for example, this video from Geotab. 

DIFFERENTIALS

Differentials are drivetrain components allowing wheels to rotate at different speeds, crucial for cornering. Main types include open (standard, splits torque evenly), limited-slip (LSD) (improves traction by restricting speed differences), 
locking (forces wheels to spin together for max traction), and torque-vectoring (electronically improves handling).

Here are the main types of differentials:

• Open Differential: The most common type, it allows wheels to spin at different speeds, which is ideal for turning on pavement. However, it sends power to the wheel with the least resistance, resulting in poor traction on slippery surfaces.

• Limited-Slip Differential (LSD): Combines the benefits of an open differential with better traction. It allows speed differences but transfers power to the wheel with more grip when slippage is detected.

• Viscous LSD: Uses thick oil to transfer torque.

• Mechanical/Clutch-type LSD: Uses clutch packs to connect the axles.

• Torsen (Torque-Sensing) LSD: Uses complex gearing to manage torque distribution.

• Locking Differential: Designed for maximum traction, this locks both wheels on an axle together to spin at the same speed, regardless of traction. Primarily used in off-road vehicles (e.g., Jeep Rubicon). They can be manual (selectable) or automatic.

• Torque-Vectoring Differential: An advanced, typically electronic system that actively manages the torque sent to each wheel, enhancing cornering, stability, and handling, often used in performance cars.

• Welded/Spool Differential: A "locked" setup where the differential gears are either removed and replaced with a solid spool or welded together. This forces both wheels to turn at the exact same speed constantly, suitable for drag racing but not street use. 

https://youtu.be/SvDcSFwyJhY?si=mbfXiGBQOSB449pP

Common Applications

• Daily Driving: Open differential.
• Performance/Sporty Driving: Limited-slip or Torque-vectoring.
• Off-Roading: Locking differential. 

https://www.autozone.com/diy/drivetrain/types-of-differentials

26. K.T-CIG